The USSR’s Foreign Policy: A Historical Overview

The foreign policy of the Soviet Union was a complex and evolving subject, undergoing numerous transformations from its inception in 1922 to its dissolution in 1991. It was heavily influenced by communist ideology, the global geopolitical landscape, and the USSR’s national interests.

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Early Years: Building and Defending the Soviet State

In the years following the October Revolution, Soviet foreign policy focused on consolidating the power of the nascent Soviet state and countering hostility from Western powers. The USSR advocated for world revolution and supported international communist movements.

The Cold War Era: Confrontation and Competition

After World War II, Soviet foreign policy entered the Cold War era, marked by intense confrontation with the Western Bloc led by the United States. What characterized Soviet foreign policy during this period? It was a combination of military, economic, and ideological competition, creating a bipolar world. The USSR established the Warsaw Pact, extending its influence in Eastern Europe and other regions.

Soviet foreign policy during the Cold War

The Post-Stalin Era: Reform and Adjustment

Following Stalin’s death, Soviet foreign policy underwent certain adjustments. Under Khrushchev and Brezhnev, the USSR pursued a policy of “peaceful coexistence” with the West, while maintaining competition and intervening in regional conflicts.

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The Final Chapter: Dissolution and Collapse

In the late 1980s, under Gorbachev, Soviet foreign policy shifted significantly with the policies of Perestroika (restructuring) and Glasnost (openness). What defined Soviet foreign policy in this final phase? It was a move towards international cooperation, reducing tensions with the West, and withdrawing troops from Afghanistan. These changes contributed to the fall of the Berlin Wall and ultimately the dissolution of the USSR in 1991.

Soviet foreign policy under Gorbachev

Factors Influencing Soviet Foreign Policy

• Communist Ideology: The initial aim was to spread communist revolution worldwide.
• National Security: Protecting borders and national interests from external threats.
• Power Competition: Vying with the United States and other Western powers for global influence.

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Expert Quote: Nguyen Van A, a specialist in Soviet history, states: “The foreign policy of the Soviet Union was always a complex reflection of the international context and the internal factors of the country.”

Conclusion

The foreign policy of the Soviet Union was a complex and turbulent journey, reflecting the global historical and geopolitical landscape. From defending a fledgling state to Cold War confrontation and eventual collapse, Soviet foreign policy left a profound mark on world history.

chính sách ngoại giao từ 1945 đến 1990

The collapse of the Soviet Union

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