Vietnam’s Ethnic Minority Policy in the Renovation Era: A Cornerstone of Sustainable Development

Vietnam’s ethnic minority policy during the Renovation Era has played a crucial role in fostering national unity and driving socio-economic development. This article delves into this vital policy, highlighting its significance in the country’s integration and progress.

From Renewed Understanding to Concrete Action

After 1986, the Communist Party of Vietnam initiated the comprehensive Renovation policy (Doi Moi), with ethnic affairs identified as a core component. This renewed understanding of ethnic issues is clearly reflected in key Party documents, such as Resolution No. 24-NQ/TW dated February 28, 1994, of the Politburo on ethnic work, and Resolution No. 29-NQ/TW dated November 19, 2002, of the Central Committee on further renewing, supplementing, and perfecting certain ethnic policies.

These documents affirm the important position and role of ethnic minorities in national construction and defense, while outlining specific policies aimed at socio-economic development and improving the material and spiritual well-being of ethnic minority communities.

Notable Achievements

The ethnic minority policy in the Renovation Era has yielded significant achievements, contributing substantially to the overall development of the country.

• Socio-economic development in ethnic minority areas: Targeted investment policies and direct support have significantly improved infrastructure, attracted investment, and boosted production in ethnic minority regions. Poverty rates have fallen sharply, and the material and spiritual lives of ethnic minorities have markedly improved.
• Preservation and promotion of ethnic cultural identity: The State has implemented numerous policies to preserve and promote the cultural identity of ethnic minorities, such as supporting the restoration of traditional festivals, teaching and learning ethnic minority languages, and preserving and developing traditional craft villages.
• Improving literacy and education levels: Preferential policies in education and training have created favorable conditions for ethnic minority children to attend school and access modern knowledge. Literacy rates, high school graduation rates, and the proportion of people with college and university degrees in ethnic minority areas have steadily increased.
• Strengthening national unity: Sound and popular ethnic policies have strengthened the faith of ethnic minorities in the Party’s leadership and the State’s management, reinforcing national unity.

Challenges and Solutions

Despite these achievements, the ethnic minority policy in the Renovation Era still faces limitations and shortcomings, requiring further research and improvement.

Some major challenges include:

• Significant disparities in socio-economic development among regions and ethnic groups: Despite various support policies, the gap in socio-economic development between regions and ethnic groups remains substantial. Ethnic minority areas, remote and isolated regions, border areas, and islands still face numerous difficulties.
• Limitations in preserving and promoting ethnic cultural identity: Some traditional cultural values are at risk of being lost. Socialization efforts in the cultural field face many challenges.
• Shortage of high-quality human resources in ethnic minority areas: The quality of human resources, especially high-quality personnel, in ethnic minority areas remains low, failing to meet the requirements of socio-economic development and international integration.

To address these challenges, it is necessary to further refine ethnic policies by:

• Increasing focused and prioritized investment in ethnic minority areas: Focusing investment on education, training, healthcare, culture, and infrastructure to narrow the development gap between regions and ethnic groups.
• Innovating methods and improving the effectiveness of ethnic work: Promoting the role of ethnic minorities as subjects in socio-economic development and the preservation and promotion of their cultural identity.
• Strengthening international cooperation in the field of ethnic affairs: Leveraging the support and experience of the international community in formulating and implementing ethnic policies.

Conclusion

The ethnic minority policy in the Renovation Era has achieved significant results, contributing to strengthening national unity, promoting socio-economic development, and ensuring national security and defense. However, in the new context, it is necessary to continue improving ethnic policies and enhancing their implementation effectiveness, contributing to building a prosperous, democratic, equitable, and civilized Vietnam.

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Ethnic Minority Policy Activities

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is new about the ethnic minority policy in the Renovation Era compared to the past?

The fundamental differences are: A more complete and profound understanding of the position and role of ethnic issues; The development of a more comprehensive ethnic policy covering economic, cultural, social, security, and defense aspects; and the innovation of operational methods and enhancement of the effectiveness of ethnic work.

2. Which policies are considered key in the ethnic minority policy during the Renovation Era?

These include: Policies on investment and support for socio-economic development in ethnic minority areas; Policies on preserving and promoting the cultural identity of ethnic minorities; Policies on education, training, and improving literacy for ethnic minorities; and policies on national unity.

3. What are the current difficulties and challenges in implementing ethnic policies?

Significant disparities in socio-economic development among regions and ethnic groups; Limitations in preserving and promoting ethnic cultural identity; and a shortage of high-quality human resources in ethnic minority areas.

4. What are the solutions for enhancing the effectiveness of ethnic policy implementation in the future?

Increasing focused and prioritized investment in ethnic minority areas; Innovating methods and improving the effectiveness of ethnic work; and strengthening international cooperation in the field of ethnic affairs.

5. How can ethnic minorities participate more actively in the national development process?

Raising awareness and responsibility of ethnic minorities in socio-economic development; Creating favorable conditions for ethnic minorities to realize their potential and strengths; and eliminating barriers, prejudices, and discrimination against ethnic minorities.

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